IELTS Essay: Causes and Solutions

In IELTS Writing Task 2, a Causes and Solutions essay asks you to explain why a problem happens and what can be done to solve it.

1. Basic structure

Introduction

• Paraphrase the question.
• State that the essay will discuss the main causes and possible solutions.

Body Paragraph 1 – Causes

• Explain 2 main causes.
• Give an explanation or example for each.

Body Paragraph 2 – Solutions

• Give 2 practical solutions.
• Explain how each solution can help.

Conclusion

• Briefly summarise the main causes and solutions.
• Do not introduce new ideas.

2. Useful language

For causes:

• One major cause is…
• Another contributing factor is…
• This is mainly because…
• This can be attributed to…
• As a result,…

For solutions:

• One effective solution would be to…
• Governments could…
• Another measure is…
• This could be addressed by…
• This would help to…

3. Simple example

Question:
Many cities are experiencing serious traffic congestion. What are the causes of this problem, and what solutions can you suggest?

Causes:

1. Too many people own private cars.
2. Public transport is often inadequate.

Solutions:

1. Governments can improve public transportation.
2. Authorities can discourage private car use through parking fees or congestion charges.

4. Easy formula to remember

Introduction: Problem + causes + solutions
Body 1: Cause 1 → explanation/example + Cause 2 → explanation/example
Body 2: Solution 1 → explanation/example + Solution 2 → explanation/example
Conclusion: Causes + solutions summary

The key to a high IELTS score is not just listing causes and solutions—you should explain the connection clearly: cause → effect and solution → expected result.

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